Similarly, a mathematical framework for all GA modeling techniques is presented. The required conceptual models for sound propagation in air and for reflections from surfaces are introduced in Sec. In addition, various landmarks in the adoption of GA modeling techniques in practice are discussed. Section II presents the early history of room acoustic modeling, starting from the pre-computer era and subsequently introducing the first steps toward computerized modeling. 6 6.Ĭhallenges in measurement of performance of an acoustics simulation,” in Proceedings of the 7th Forum Acusticum ( Similarly, a detailed comparison of computational performance of different techniques has been left out of this article. These capabilities establish the baseline for achievable accuracy, but the final accuracy and ability to match measurement results depend on a sufficiently large number of factors such that a detailed discussion on accuracy is beyond the scope of this overview.
In particular, the focus is on the capabilities of the techniques. The focus will be on the theoretical aspects of the various methods, which means that a wealth of practical aspects regarding input data acquisition, data uncertainty, and use of the techniques, among others, is omitted. We attempt to provide a comprehensive overview, specifically of geometrical acoustic-based methods, within the limits of a journal paper. Vorländer, Auralization: Fundamentals of Acoustics, Modelling, Simulation, Algorithms, and Acoustic Virtual Reality (īerlin, Germany, 2007), 335 pp. and related signal processing techniques, such as artificial reverberation 4 4.įifty years of artificial reverberation,” IEEE Trans. Similarly, the computation of room acoustic attributes and the actual sound rendering component of auralization 1 1.Īuralization-An overview,” J. The modeling of structure-borne sound is excluded from this overview because the related noise propagation models are typically quite different from the techniques discussed here. From algorithmic and computational viewpoints, these techniques are similar, although the requirements for performance and accuracy are different. However, this overview is not limited to only room acoustic design but also covers GA modeling techniques developed for other areas such as virtual reality applications, cognitive research, and training. (68)90198-3 which utilized ray tracing for computing time-energy responses and showed its applicability to practical room acoustic design. in 1968, 3 3.Ĭalculating the acoustical room response by the use of a ray tracing technique,” J. Time-wise, this means that we concentrate on developments after the publication of the landmark paper by Krokstad et al. Our focus is on techniques that can be used to simulate sound propagation inside three-dimensional (3D) spaces to produce impulse responses and/or time-energy responses. The goal of this overview is to present the history and state-of-the-art of all the main geometrical room acoustic modeling techniques.